Ace Gene

Ace Gene

What was the favorite food of Paul, Gene, Ace, & Peter from KISS?

What did KISS like to eat?
besides blood and women.

Ice Creme, Pudding, Cake, Hot Dogs, Pizza, Cold Gin, COOKIES!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

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Ace Gene Flex Lite 30 Wheeled Duffle – Red $123.99 Ace Gene-The Flex Lite lightweight 30″ Wheeled Duffle features an open packing cavity, multiple organizing pocket, and telescoping handle–perfect for everyday or extended travel.

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Ace Gene Flex Lite 25 Wheeled Suitcase – Black $123.99 Ace Gene-The Flex Lite lightweight 25″ Wheeled Suitcase features a large open packing cavity, multiple organizing pocket, and telescoping handle–perfect for all travel!

Ace Gene Flex Lite 25 Wheeled Suitcase – Red $123.99 Ace Gene-The Flex Lite lightweight 25″ Wheeled Suitcase features a large open packing cavity, multiple organizing pocket, and telescoping handle–perfect for all travel!

Ace Gene Flex Lite 22 Wheeled Carryon – Red $115.99 Ace Gene-Combining fashion and function the Flex Lite lightweight 22″ Wheeled Carryon features an open packing cavity, multiple organizing pocket, and telescoping handle–perfect for short or extended trips!

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Ace $12.99 Ace

Gene Krupa $20.12 Gene Krupa: The Pictorial Life of a Jazz Legend is a photographic presentation of the life, times and music of “that ace drummer man.” With over 200 photos that span six decades of jazz history, this most visual of performers, the man who made the drums a

Ace Frehley $8.14 Of the four {$Kiss} solo albums released simultaneously in 1978, the best of the bunch is guitarist {$Ace Frehley}’s. Similar in approach to {$Paul Stanley}’s album, {$Frehley} did not stray far from the expected heavy {$Kiss} sound (like {$Gene Simmons}

ace $12.9 Skull Ace

Ace Frehley (Import) $40.03 Of the four Kiss solo albums released simultaneously in 1978, the best of the bunch is guitarist Ace Frehley’s. Similar in approach to Paul Stanley’s album, Frehley did not stray far from the expected heavy Kiss sound (like Gene Simmons and Peter Criss di

ACE STORY VOL. 2 $16.98 England’s Ace label honors Ace Records of Jackson, Mississippi with a set of raucous R&B, most recorded in New Orleans. The original vinyl comp is doubled in size to 24 tracks: •Looped• Joe Dyson; •Mercy• Gene & Al’s Spacemen; •I Love to Rock ’n’ Roll• Eddie Bo; •Roberta• Frankie Ford; •Little Girl• Earl King; •Curiosity• Joe & Ann; •Blow Wind Blow• Junior Gordon, and more!

Radio Gold [Ace] $16.38 Ace.

A Very Special Family Guy Freakin’ Christmas $78.77 New – High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! “A Very Special Family Guy Freakin’ Christmas” is the 16th episode of Season 3 of Family Guy, guest starring the members of Kiss (Gene Simmons, Ace Frehley, Paul Stanley, and Peter Criss) as themselves. The episode is a Christmas special which “isn’t being irreverent just for the sake of mocking religion at Christmas time.” After Lois repeatedly reminds Peter to donate a present to charity, he mistakenly donates all of the family’s Christmas gift

Album AV Kiss: Hot in the Shade, Dressed to Kill, Destroyer, Revenge, Psycho Circus, Gene Simmons, Carnival of Souls: The Final Sessions $21.48 Used – K lla: Wikipedia. Sidor: 49. Kapitlen: Hot in the Shade, Dressed to Kill, Destroyer, Revenge, Psycho Circus, Gene Simmons, Carnival of Souls: The Final Sessions, Love Gun, Asylum, Crazy Nights, Lick It Up, Rock and Roll Over, Unmasked, Peter Criss, Dynasty, Creatures of the Night, Ace Frehley, Animalize, Paul Stanley, Kiss Killers, Smashes, Thrashes & Hits, KISS Alive! 1975-2000, Kissology Vol. 3 1992-2000, Sonic Boom, Hotter Than Hell, Music from “The Elder,” The Box Set, KISS Unplugged,

Case Ace (a.k.a Pulse) $0.99 2428568~~~~Case Ace (a.k.a Pulse)~~~~GBSBD0501122~~

Gene and Paul, I Hate Most of All and Ace, You’re the Ace and Peter You’re the Cat!!! $0.99 20729310~~~~Gene and Paul, I Hate Most of All and Ace, You’re the Ace and Peter You’re the Cat!!!~~~~USFW40462211~~

Japanese Monthly Manga Magazines: Dengeki G’s Magazine, Dengeki Daioh, Gangan Comics, Lala, Nakayoshi, Super Jump, Sh Nen Sekai, Jump Square $21.61 Used – Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 54. Chapters: Dengeki G’s Magazine, Dengeki Daioh, Gangan Comics, LaLa, Nakayoshi, Super Jump, Sh nen Sekai, Jump Square, Bessatsu Friend, Monthly Sunday Gene-X, Bessatsu Hana to Yume, Ribon, Manga Time, Monthly Sh nen Sunday, Sh nen Sunday Super, Monthly Comic Blade, Comp Ace, Ultra Jump, Monthly Comic Avarus, Monthly Sh nen Jump, Dengeki Comic Gao!, Sh j

Kiss (Band): Revenge, Kiss, Casablanca Records, Alive!, Kiss-Diskografie, Psycho Circus, Carnival of Souls, Neil Bogart, Music from the Elder $21.68 Used – Dieser Inhalt ist eine Zusammensetzung von Artikeln aus der frei verf gbaren Wikipedia-Enzyklop die. Seiten: 103. Nicht dargestellt. Kapitel: Revenge, Kiss, Casablanca Records, Alive!, Kiss/Diskografie, Psycho Circus, Carnival of Souls, Neil Bogart, Music from the Elder, Peter Criss, Eric Carr, Dynasty, Unmasked, Sonic Boom, Desmond Child, I Was Made for Lovin’ You, Vinnie Vincent, Ace Frehley, Gene Simmons, Sean Delaney, Creatures of the Night, Killers, Doc McGhee, Frehley’s Comet, Bill

Kiss Kompendium $10 Used – Brought to life by graphic full-colour illustrations as riveting and hardcore as the original band’s real-life fire-breathing line-up, the Demon (Gene Simmons), Starchild (Paul Stanley), Spaceman (Ace Frehley), and Catman (Peter Criss) defeat evil with comic icons like Spiderman, the X-Men, the Fantastic Four, the Hulk, and Wolverine. “The Kiss Kompendium” includes: Marvel President Stan Lee’s Kiss comics for Marvel Comics, Artist Todd McFarlane’s Kiss: Psycho Circus for Image Comics, X-M

Kiss Kompendium $25.07 New – Brought to life by graphic full-colour illustrations as riveting and hardcore as the original band’s real-life fire-breathing line-up, the Demon (Gene Simmons), Starchild (Paul Stanley), Spaceman (Ace Frehley), and Catman (Peter Criss) defeat evil with comic icons like Spiderman, the X-Men, the Fantastic Four, the Hulk, and Wolverine. “The Kiss Kompendium” includes: Marvel President Stan Lee’s Kiss comics for Marvel Comics, Artist Todd McFarlane’s Kiss: Psycho Circus for Image Comics, X-Me

Kiss: !Esbo OS Sobre Lbuns de Kiss, Filmes, Videos E DVDs Do Kiss, Membros Do Kiss, Singles de Kiss, Turn?’s Do Kiss, Lbuns de Kiss $21.48 Used – Fonte: Wikipedia. P ginas: 92. Cap tulos: !Esbo os sobre lbuns de Kiss, Filmes, Videos e DVDs do Kiss, Membros do KISS, Singles de Kiss, Turn?’s do Kiss, lbuns de Kiss, Kiss: Psycho Circus: The Nightmare Child, Alive/Worldwide Tour, Kiss Farewell Tour, Crazy Nights Tour, Kiss Alive/35 World Tour, Alive! Tour, Greatest Kiss, Dynasty Tour, Lick It Up Tour, Ace Frehley, Destroyer, Detroit Rock City, Rock and Roll Over Tour, Kiss Symphony: Alive IV, Gene Simmons, Eric Singer, Paul Stanley, So

Kiss: The Unauthorized Guide to the Original Lineup Including Paul, Gene, Ace, and Peter $16.12 Used – This book is a tribute to the original lineup of KISS and chronicles the departures of Peter and Ace and the Reunion tour and the Psycho Circus album up to the final Farewell tour. This is a bittersweet book that tells the tale of four ragtag boys from New York formed the biggest band in the world and their troubles and triumphs.Project Webster represents a new publishing paradigm, allowing disparate content sources to be curated into cohesive, relevant, and informative books. To date, th

Kiss: The Unauthorized Guide to the Original Lineup Including Paul, Gene, Ace, and Peter $16.12 New – This book is a tribute to the original lineup of KISS and chronicles the departures of Peter and Ace and the Reunion tour and the Psycho Circus album up to the final Farewell tour. This is a bittersweet book that tells the tale of four ragtag boys from New York formed the biggest band in the world and their troubles and triumphs.Project Webster represents a new publishing paradigm, allowing disparate content sources to be curated into cohesive, relevant, and informative books. To date, thi

Kissin Albumit: Dressed to Kill, Revenge, Unmasked, Smashes, Thrashes & Hits, Dynasty, Destroyer, Rock and Roll Over, Creatures of the Night $15.19 New – L hde: Wikipedia. Sivut: 33. Luvuissa: Dressed to Kill, Revenge, Unmasked, Smashes, Thrashes & Hits, Dynasty, Destroyer, Rock and Roll Over, Creatures of the Night, Hot in the Shade, Lick It Up, Psycho Circus, Music from “The Elder,” Alive II, Crazy Nights, Kiss, Hotter Than Hell, Asylum, Love Gun, Animalize, The Originals II, Alive!, Killers, The Box Set, Peter Criss, Best of Solo Albums, Paul Stanley, Alive 35, Double Platinum, Sonic Boom, Gene Simmons, Ace Frehley, Kiss The Singles, Gol

Kissin Albumit: Dressed to Kill, Revenge, Unmasked, Smashes, Thrashes & Hits, Dynasty, Destroyer, Rock and Roll Over, Creatures of the Night $15.19 Used – L hde: Wikipedia. Sivut: 33. Luvuissa: Dressed to Kill, Revenge, Unmasked, Smashes, Thrashes & Hits, Dynasty, Destroyer, Rock and Roll Over, Creatures of the Night, Hot in the Shade, Lick It Up, Psycho Circus, Music from “The Elder,” Alive II, Crazy Nights, Kiss, Hotter Than Hell, Asylum, Love Gun, Animalize, The Originals II, Alive!, Killers, The Box Set, Peter Criss, Best of Solo Albums, Paul Stanley, Alive 35, Double Platinum, Sonic Boom, Gene Simmons, Ace Frehley, Kiss The Singles, Go

Live…In the Raw [Bonus Tracks] $12.99 Music critics have always pointed out the similarities between theatrical rockers Kiss and W.A.S.P. — Blackie Lawless’ and Gene Simmons’ blood spewing, makeup and costumes, high-decibel rock, and so on. (Ace Frehley even produced W.A.S.P.’s first demo!) Kiss used the live album format for their big commercial breakthrough, 1975′s classic Alive!, and W.A.S.P. hoped the same would happen for them with 1987′s Live…In the Raw. While it didn’t work out that way, it served as a worthwhile document of the band’ s live show — but the biggest problem is that W.A.S.P. concerts always relied mainly on visuals. Still, the band offers heavy versions of such fan favorites as “L.O.V.E. Machine,” “Wild Child,” “I Wanna Be Somebody,” “Blind in Texas,” “I Don’t Need No Doctor,” and “Sleeping (In the Fire).” Also included is a live version of a previously unreleased original, “Harder Faster,” as well as the soundtrack-only studio cut “Scream Until You Like It” (from Ghoulies II). [The 1998 reissue contained four extra tracks: live versions of "Shoot From the Hip," "Widowmaker," and "Sex Drive," plus an acoustic take of "Sleeping (In the Fire)."] ~ Greg Prato, Rovi

M Sicos de Heavy Metal: Yngwie Malmsteen, Ace Frehley, Steven Tyler, Tom Morello, Ozzy Osbourne, Lars Ulrich, Marilyn Manson, Cliff Burton $34.71 New – Fuente: Wikipedia. P ginas: 242. Cap tulos: Yngwie Malmsteen, Ace Frehley, Steven Tyler, Tom Morello, Ozzy Osbourne, Lars Ulrich, Marilyn Manson, Cliff Burton, Slash, Dave Mustaine, Michael Angelo Batio, Alice Cooper, Ronnie James Dio, Rob Halford, Phil Anselmo, Daron Malakian, Paul Di’Anno, Peter Criss, Tom Araya, Jason Newsted, Nikki Sixx, Tony Martin, Lemmy Kilmister, Gene Simmons, Bon Scott, James Hetfield, Andre Matos, Fredrik Nordstr m, Angus Young, Bruce Dickinson, Sammy Hagar, K. K

M Sicos de Heavy Metal: Yngwie Malmsteen, Ace Frehley, Steven Tyler, Tom Morello, Ozzy Osbourne, Lars Ulrich, Marilyn Manson, Cliff Burton $34.71 Used – Fuente: Wikipedia. P ginas: 242. Cap tulos: Yngwie Malmsteen, Ace Frehley, Steven Tyler, Tom Morello, Ozzy Osbourne, Lars Ulrich, Marilyn Manson, Cliff Burton, Slash, Dave Mustaine, Michael Angelo Batio, Alice Cooper, Ronnie James Dio, Rob Halford, Phil Anselmo, Daron Malakian, Paul Di’Anno, Peter Criss, Tom Araya, Jason Newsted, Nikki Sixx, Tony Martin, Lemmy Kilmister, Gene Simmons, Bon Scott, James Hetfield, Andre Matos, Fredrik Nordstr m, Angus Young, Bruce Dickinson, Sammy Hagar, K.

Psycho Circus $16.99 When MTV refused to air Kiss’ one and only video from their 1998 reunion album, the title track from Psycho Circus (for reasons unknown), the masters of merchandising saw another golden opportunity to rake in the cash. The official Psycho Circus Video includes the 3-D video (plus 3-D glasses), and also comes with a CD-single which features the title track as well as a non-album song, Ace Frehley’s “In Your Face,” plus a screensaver, and software to connect to Kiss’ official website, Kiss Online. And knowing full well that there are some Kiss fanatics that need to buy every last piece of merchandise ever issued, each CD-single comes with a cover of a single bandmember. In other words, completists will have to buy the Psycho Circus Video 4 times in order to get a complete set! The featured video clip itself is pretty entertaining – the bandmembers perform against various computer-generated backdrops, while images of their best-known gimmicks are also featured (Gene Simmons drooling blood, etc.). Still, the Psycho Circus Video will be of interest to hardcore fans only. ~ Greg Prato, Rovi

Undressed $10.99 23030~~~~128831~~~~128869~~~~128936~~~~343875959~~~~343876090~~~~21162919~~~~193506380~~~~Undressed~~~~~~4042592000149

Teratogen

Introduction

Teratogen is a substance, organism, physical agent, or deficiency state present during gestation that is capable of inducing abnormal postnatal structure or function (biochemical, physiologic or behavioral) by interfering with normal embryonic or fetal development and thus, disturbs fetal development if fetal exposure to these agents occurs during pregnancy. A child born with any kind of malformation or with any birth defect may create societal problems and therefore this subject needs concern (Blackburn, 2007). It is manifested that approximately 3% of all human newborns have a congenital anomaly requiring medical attention and approximately 1/3 rd of these conditions can be considered as life threatening. Of hospitalized children 40% are due to prenatal malformation (Thomas, 2004). We are only at the tip of the ice-berg to explore out all the reasons of these malformations. 25% are associated with gene mutation, 5% are associated with chromosomal aberrations, and 10% of the anomalies are due to teratogenic agents (Thomas, 2004). It is evident that huge gaps exist between our understanding and the role these agents play to cause human malformation (Thomas, 2004).

Any agent can be categorized as a teratogenic agent if it is capable of creating congenital defect. A congenital defect or anomaly is a kind of major or minor deviation from normal morphology or function and are generated during fetal or embryonic development (Jones, 2004). Minor defects are found in 2-3% of the population while large morphological types of congenital defects like cleft palate or meningomyelocele are the defects that alter function. A change in functions is also attributed to molecular mechanisms. Altered function of nervous and endocrine systems or in postnatal function is the main concern for both experimental and human teratology (Thomas, 2004).

Koch’s postulates find application in defining an agent to be teratogenic:

1. The agent must be present during the critical periods of development.
2. The agent should produce congenital defects in an experimental animal. The defect rate should be statistically higher in treated group than in the control animals receiving same vehicle or procedure.
3. One must get the proof that the agent in an unaltered state acts on the embryo-fetus either directly or indirectly through the placenta. Biochemistry and in vitro culture are used for the assessment (Thomas, 2004)

An agent which is capable of satisfying the first two conditions is categorized as a teratogenic agent. It is revealed that teratogenic agents in the human do fill all the three criteria. Some of these agents are rubella virus, radiation and androgens are known to masculinize the female fetus. The most widely discussed and universally accepted teratogenic agent is Thalidomide inspite of the fact that it doesn’t fulfill the third criterion as the compound does not affect conceptus in its unaltered form (Bishop, 1997). It is also discussed that agents that are known to cause embryonic or fetal death in experimental animals often prove to be teratogenic in humans also but they cannot be categorized as teratogenic unless they produce physical or functional defects (Kalter, 1968).

It is also reported that the time window of the exposure is also imperative to cause birth defects. This is called as concept or a “termination period”. It is the time period which if crossed cannot cause malformation (Warkany, 1971). The best example of this is occurrence of meningomyelocele; the caudal neuropore closes at 27 days, drug administered on 35th day would not be able to cause any kind of malformation (Warkany, 1971). In the similar manner diethylstilbesterol if taken during pregnancy, cause vaginal carcinomas in girls.

Mechanism of Action of Teratogens

Teratogens are known to affect the development at the embryonic stage. They do so by altering the genetic function of the organism. For the normal development of the fetus, it is essential that genes are expressed in a normal sequential manner, at this stage if any kind of external and internal variations are induced then it results in malformation (embryonic alteration in morphogenesis, due to abnormal developmental process), deformation (abnormal form, shape or position of a body part due to extrinsic mechanical forces) or disruption (caused by external force that alters previously normal tissue causing teratogenic defects or amputation of fetal part by an amniotic band). These agents either directly binds with the gene or its product or their presence induce changes in the gene(s) so the genes make an altered product resulting in the wrong signaling pathways causing disturbance in normal development (Lewin, Genes IX, Birth Defects and Genetics).

Drugs administered during pregnancy affect the development of the fetus in a different ways, from no effect to a major structural and functional deficit and therefore any substance can act as teratogen including infectious agents, ionizing radiation, pesticides, metals (mercury or lead), organic solvents, effects of maternal chronic disorders, herbal drugs with potential to act as abortifacients and uterine stimulants (Thomas, 2004). Agents known to be teratogenic in humans:

1. Radiation: encompassing atomic weapons, Radioiodine
2. Maternal and Metabolic Imbalance: Alcoholism, Amniocentesis (early), Chorionic villus sampling (before 60th day), Cretinism, endemic, Diabetes, Folic acid deficiency, Hyperthermia, Myasthenia gravis, Phenylketonuria, Rheumatic disease and congenital heart block, Sjogren’s syndrome, Virilizing tumors.
3. Infections: Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Herpes Simplex virus 1 and 2, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis, Parvovirus B-19, Rubella virus, Syphilis, Toxoplasmosis, Varicella virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus.
4. Drugs and Environmental Chemicals: Aminopterin and methylaminopterin, Androgenic hormones, Busulfan, Carbamazepine, Corticosteroids, Cyclophosphamide, Diethylstilbestrol, Enalapril (renal failure), Fluconazole (high dose), Lithium, Mercury (organic), Methylene blue (via- intra-amniotic injection), Phenobarbitol, 1,2-cis-Retinoic acid (Isotretinoin and Axxutane), Tetracyclines, Thalidomide, Toluene abuse, Triethadione, Valproic acid. (Defects are discussed in Appendix).

Principles of Teratogenesis:

1. Susceptibility to a teratogenic agent is dependent upon the genotype of the embryo and the manner in which the agent interacts with environmental factors.
2. Susceptibility to teratogenic agents is dependent on the timing of the exposure and the developmental stage of the embryo.
3. Teratogenic agents act in specific ways on cells or tissues to cause pathogenesis.
4. The final manifestations of abnormal development are death, malformation, growth restriction and functional disorders.
5. Access to the embryo by environmental teratogens depends on the nature of the agent.
6. As the dosage increases, manifestation of deviant development increases (Blackburn, 2007)

Conclusion

There are no absolute teratogens; however, many agents can exhibit teratogenic effects under certain circumstances. The dose and the time of exposure to a particular agent often determine the severity of the damage and the type of defect that occurs. The dose response is obvious: the greater the dose, the greater the effect. The time of exposure is another important concept, as certain stages of embryonic and fetal development are more vulnerable than others. In general, the embryonic stage (first trimester) is more vulnerable than the fetal period (second and third trimesters). Thalidomide provides a classic example. The critical period of exposure is during organogenesis (the formation of the organs) from the 35th-48th day after the last menstrual period. The specificity of the malformations is linked to the time of exposure: 35-37 days, no ears; 39-41 days, no arms; 41-43 days, no uterus; 45-47 days, no tibia; and 47-49 days, triphalangeal thumbs. The types or severity of abnormalities caused by a teratogenic agent is also dependent on the genotype of the pregnant woman and the genotype of the fetus (genetic susceptibility). For example, variation in maternal metabolism of a particular drug will determine what metabolites the fetus is exposed to and the duration of exposure. Differences in placental membranes, placental transport and biotransformation all affect fetal exposure. The genetic susceptibility of the fetus to a particular teratogenic agent will also have an effect on the final outcome. It is therefore advised to go for the genetic counseling before conceiving the baby (King, 1986)

References

1. Blackburn, S. T. (2007). Chapter 7, Maternal, Fetal & Neonatal Physiology- A clinical Perspective. 3rd  Edn.  Saunders
2. Bishop, J. B., Witt, K. L., Sloane, R. A., (1997). Genetic toxicities of human teratogens. Mutat. Res 396. 9-43.
3. Dicke, J. M. (1989). Teratology: principles and practice. Med. Clin. North Am 73 (3). 567- 82
4. Jones, K. L. (2004). Smith’s Recognizable Patterns of Human Development, 6th ed. Philadelphia: w. b. Saunders Company.
5. Kalter, H. (1968). Teratology of Central nervous System Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
6. King, C. R. (1986). Genetic Counseling for teratogen exposure. Obstertrics and Gynecology.  67(6). 843-6
7. Lewin, B. Genes IX
8. Thomas, H. S., Ronald, J. L. (2004). Developmental Gene Mutations as Teratogenic Agents
9. Warkany, J. (1971). Congenital Malformations: Notes and Comments. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers.
10. Birth Defects & Genetics: Birth Defects http://www.marchofdimes.com/pnhec/4439 1206.asp Accessed on 12th June 2009

Appendix

Maternal Conditions

Teratogen

Adverse Effects

Critical Period

Diabetes

Holoprosencephaly, porencephalic cysts, cardiac defects, sacral agenesis, caudal regression, laterality defects, facial clefts, renal defects

I trimester

Hypo/Hyperthyroidism

Mental retardation (MR), growth restriction

Entire pregnancy

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

MR, microcephaly, craniofacial defects

 

Hyperthermia

Anencephaly/ other neural tube defects (NTDs)

2- 4 wks

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Transient neonatal SLE, intrauterine growth restriction, prematurity, congenital heart block

2- 4 wks

 

 

 

Non-prescription substance use:

Teratogen

Adverse Effects

Critical Period

Alcohol

Short palpebral fissures, altered facies, prenatal and postnatal growth deficiency, mild to moderate MR, microcephaly

Entire pregnancy

Tobacco

LBW, miscarriage

 

Toluene(PKU)

CNS (developmental delay, microcephaly, IUGR)

 

 

Medications

Teratogen

Adverse Effects

Critical Period

Aminopetrin/ Methotrexate

CNS, limb and skeletal defects

14-60 days

ACE inhibitors

Oligohydramnios, renal dysplasia/ failure, IUGR, joint contractures, prenatal death

II & III trimester

Carbamazepine

Spina bifida, hypoplasia of the phalanges, IUGR

14-60 days

Cyclophosphamide

CNS defects, skeletal defects (especially cranial and digits), IUGR, cleft palate, neonatal death

14-60 days

Fluconazole

(high dose)

Brachycephaly, abnormal facies, abnormal calvarial development, cleft palate, cardiac defects, skeletal defects (thinning)

I trimester

Indomethacin

Oligohydramnios, anuria, necrotizing enterocolitis, premature ductus arteriosus closure

II- III trimester

Lithium

Cardiac defects (Ebstein anomaly)

14- 60 days

Methylene blue

Jejuna atresia

II trimester

Penicillamine

Connective tissue abnormality

14- 60 days

Retinoids (isotrtinoin)

CNS, ocular, cardiac, great vessel and limb defects, microtia, micrognathia, clet lip/ palate, thymic deficiency

 

Tetracycline

Staining of primary dentition

II – III trimester

Thalidomide

Cranial nerve abnormalities, limb shortening defects (phocomelia), ocular and cardiac defects, oral/ facial anomalies, renal and urogenital defects

27-40 days

Valproic acid

CNS defects (including developmental delay), brachycephaly, craniosynostosis, microcephaly, ocular hypertelorism, midface hypoplasia, limb anomalies, spina bifida

14- 60 days

Warferin

CNS and ocular defects, IUGR, neonatal hemorrhage, nasal hypoplasia, vertebral anomalies, stippled epiphysis

6- 9 wks

 

About the Author

Kiss-Ace Punks Gene Out On Stage (2001)